He puts forth the idea of an international state that would embrace all human beings, but quickly recognizes that this cosmopolitan world republic ( Weltrepublik ) would not be feasible (Kant, 2008a: 105). Yet, how to persuade states to enter such a federation? And should it be a loose coalition of nations or a tightly knit political union, following the model later adopted by the United States of America? In his renowned essay on perpetual peace, Immanuel Kant is ambiguous about the political form of the peaceful time to come. Initially, this alliance was imagined as including only European, Christian nations, as in the proposals of Quakers William Penn and John Bellers, or in the more famous projects of the Abbé de Saint-Pierre or Jean-Jacques Rousseau, but it could be expanded to encompass all countries of the world. Some have endorsed the creation of a federation of states that would mediate conflicts between its members. * This work has been written with support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) (.)ġ The best political path towards establishing perpetual peace amongst human beings has long been a heated subject of debate.
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